Four oaks namely bur, black, white, and red along with black cherry and hickory. Jack, red, and white pine, yellow birch, eastern hemlock, mountain maple, moosewood, and leatherwood grow in the north, with black spruce, black ash, balsam fir, and tamarack - are common trees found in Wisconsin. The state tree sugar maple is found in southern Wisconsin. Other trees found in this region are white elm, basswood, and ironwood, with silver maple, black willow, silver birch, and cottonwood on low, moist land. Forty-five varieties of orchid have been identified, as well as 20 types of violet, including the wood violet (the state flower). In 2003, six plant species were listed as threatened in 2003. They included the eastern prairie fringed orchid, prairie bush-clover, dwarf lake iris, Pitcher's thistle, Fassett's locoweed, and northern wild monkshood.
Among the mammals, white-tailed deer, black bear, woodchuck, snowshoe hare, chipmunk, and porcupine are found in the forestlands of Wisconsin. The striped skunk, red and gray foxes, and various mice are characteristic of upland fields while wetlands has such mammals as the muskrat, mink, river otter, and water shrew. Game birds include the ring-necked pheasant, bobwhite quail, Hungarian partridge, and ruffed grouse. 42 kinds of waterfowl and 6 types of shorebird are native to Wisconsin. Reptiles include 23 varieties of snake, 13 types of turtle, and 4 kinds of lizard. Muskellunge (the state fish), northern pike, walleye, and brook trout are native to Wisconsin waterways.
In 2003, nine animal species were listed as threatened or endangered in Wisconsin. They included the bald eagle, Kirtland's warbler, Karner blue butterfly, Hine's emerald dragonfly, Higgins' eye pearlymussel, piping plover, and gray wolf.